Application of copper in light industry
Light industrial products are closely related to people's lives, and there are many varieties and varieties. Because steel has good comprehensive properties, it can be seen everywhere. Here are only the following examples:
Air conditioner and refrigerator
The temperature control function of the air conditioner and the refrigerator is mainly realized by the evaporation and condensation of the copper tube of the heat exchanger. The size and heat transfer performance of heat exchange tubes determine to a large extent the efficiency and miniaturization of the entire air conditioner and refrigeration unit. The special shaped copper pipe with high thermal conductivity is used on these machines. Using the good processing performance of steel, recently developed and produced with internal slot and high fin heat pipe, used in the manufacture of air conditioners, refrigerators, chemical and waste heat collection devices in the heat exchanger, can make the total heat transfer coefficient of the new heat exchanger increased to 2 ~ 3 times of the ordinary tube, and with the ordinary low fin tube 1.2 ~ 1.3 times, has been used in China, It can save 40% copper and reduce the volume of the heat exchanger by more than 1/3.
Most of the working parts of the clocks, timepieces and devices with clockwork mechanisms currently produced are made of "clock brass". The alloy contains 1.5-2% lead, has good processing properties, suitable for large-scale production. For example, gears are cut out of long extruded brass rods, flat wheels are pushed out of strips of corresponding thickness, and brass or other copper alloys are used to make carved bell surfaces, screws and joints, and so on. A large number of inexpensive watches were made of gunmetal (tin-zinc bronze), or plated with nickel silver (white copper). Some famous clocks are made of steel and copper alloys. The hour hand of Big Ben is made of solid copper, and the minute hand is made of 14-foot copper pipe.
A modern watch factory, with copper alloy as the main material, with presses and precise mold processing, can produce 10,000 to 30,000 clocks per day at very low cost.
In the current information changing society, paper consumption is large. The surface of the paper looks simple, but the papermaking process is very complex, requiring many steps and the application of many machines, including coolers, evaporators, beaters, paper machines, and so on. Many of these components, such as: various heat exchange tubes, roller wheels, percussion rods, semi-liquid pumps and wire mesh, are mostly made of steel alloys.
For example, the current long-mesh paper machine is used to spray the prepared pulp onto a fast-moving mesh cloth with small mesh (40 to 60 mesh). Made of braid of brass and phosphor bronze wire, the mesh cloth has a wide width, generally more than 20 feet (6 meters), and is required to be kept completely straight. The mesh is moved on a series of small brass or copper rollers, and as it passes through with the pulp sprayed onto it, moisture is drawn out of the air below. The mesh vibrates at the same time to bind the small fibers in the pulp together. Large paper machines have large mesh sizes, up to 26 feet 8 inches (8. l m) wide and 100 feet (3. 5 m) long. Wet pulp not only contains water, but also contains chemicals used in the papermaking process, which is highly corrosive. In order to ensure the quality of paper, the mesh material requirements are very strict, not only to have high strength and elasticity; And to resist pulp corrosion, copper alloy can be fully competent.
printing
Photoplate with copper plate for printing. A surface polished copper plate is sensitized with a photosensitive emulsion and photographed on it. The photosensitive copper plate needs to be heated to harden the glue. In order to avoid softening by heat, copper often contains a small amount of silver or arsenic to increase the softening temperature. The plates are then etched to form a printed surface with a distributed pattern of concave and convex dots.
On automatic typesetters, plates are made through the arrangement of brass font blocks, which is another important use of copper in printing. Font blocks are usually made of leaded brass, but sometimes copper or bronze.
Mead Maker
Copper plays an important role in the brewing of beer in the world. An inner village where copper is often used as a malt barrel and fermenter. There are more than a dozen of these vats with a capacity of more than 20,000 gallons in some famous breweries. In the fermentation tank, in order to cool down, steel pipes are commonly used for water cooling. Steel pipes are also used to heat water steam when brewing beer, and steel pipes are used to transport liquor.
When whisky and other spirits are distilled, steel stills are usually used. Whiskey malt is distilled twice, using two large copper stills.
medicine
In the pharmaceutical industry, all kinds of steaming, boiling and vacuum devices are made of pure copper. Zinc white copper is widely used in medical devices. Copper alloy is also a common material for spectacle frames and so on.
Air conditioner and refrigerator
The temperature control function of the air conditioner and the refrigerator is mainly realized by the evaporation and condensation of the copper tube of the heat exchanger. The size and heat transfer performance of heat exchange tubes determine to a large extent the efficiency and miniaturization of the entire air conditioner and refrigeration unit. The special shaped copper pipe with high thermal conductivity is used on these machines. Using the good processing performance of steel, recently developed and produced with internal slot and high fin heat pipe, used in the manufacture of air conditioners, refrigerators, chemical and waste heat collection devices in the heat exchanger, can make the total heat transfer coefficient of the new heat exchanger increased to 2 ~ 3 times of the ordinary tube, and with the ordinary low fin tube 1.2 ~ 1.3 times, has been used in China, It can save 40% copper and reduce the volume of the heat exchanger by more than 1/3.
Most of the working parts of the clocks, timepieces and devices with clockwork mechanisms currently produced are made of "clock brass". The alloy contains 1.5-2% lead, has good processing properties, suitable for large-scale production. For example, gears are cut out of long extruded brass rods, flat wheels are pushed out of strips of corresponding thickness, and brass or other copper alloys are used to make carved bell surfaces, screws and joints, and so on. A large number of inexpensive watches were made of gunmetal (tin-zinc bronze), or plated with nickel silver (white copper). Some famous clocks are made of steel and copper alloys. The hour hand of Big Ben is made of solid copper, and the minute hand is made of 14-foot copper pipe.
A modern watch factory, with copper alloy as the main material, with presses and precise mold processing, can produce 10,000 to 30,000 clocks per day at very low cost.
In the current information changing society, paper consumption is large. The surface of the paper looks simple, but the papermaking process is very complex, requiring many steps and the application of many machines, including coolers, evaporators, beaters, paper machines, and so on. Many of these components, such as: various heat exchange tubes, roller wheels, percussion rods, semi-liquid pumps and wire mesh, are mostly made of steel alloys.
For example, the current long-mesh paper machine is used to spray the prepared pulp onto a fast-moving mesh cloth with small mesh (40 to 60 mesh). Made of braid of brass and phosphor bronze wire, the mesh cloth has a wide width, generally more than 20 feet (6 meters), and is required to be kept completely straight. The mesh is moved on a series of small brass or copper rollers, and as it passes through with the pulp sprayed onto it, moisture is drawn out of the air below. The mesh vibrates at the same time to bind the small fibers in the pulp together. Large paper machines have large mesh sizes, up to 26 feet 8 inches (8. l m) wide and 100 feet (3. 5 m) long. Wet pulp not only contains water, but also contains chemicals used in the papermaking process, which is highly corrosive. In order to ensure the quality of paper, the mesh material requirements are very strict, not only to have high strength and elasticity; And to resist pulp corrosion, copper alloy can be fully competent.
printing
Photoplate with copper plate for printing. A surface polished copper plate is sensitized with a photosensitive emulsion and photographed on it. The photosensitive copper plate needs to be heated to harden the glue. In order to avoid softening by heat, copper often contains a small amount of silver or arsenic to increase the softening temperature. The plates are then etched to form a printed surface with a distributed pattern of concave and convex dots.
On automatic typesetters, plates are made through the arrangement of brass font blocks, which is another important use of copper in printing. Font blocks are usually made of leaded brass, but sometimes copper or bronze.
Mead Maker
Copper plays an important role in the brewing of beer in the world. An inner village where copper is often used as a malt barrel and fermenter. There are more than a dozen of these vats with a capacity of more than 20,000 gallons in some famous breweries. In the fermentation tank, in order to cool down, steel pipes are commonly used for water cooling. Steel pipes are also used to heat water steam when brewing beer, and steel pipes are used to transport liquor.
When whisky and other spirits are distilled, steel stills are usually used. Whiskey malt is distilled twice, using two large copper stills.
medicine
In the pharmaceutical industry, all kinds of steaming, boiling and vacuum devices are made of pure copper. Zinc white copper is widely used in medical devices. Copper alloy is also a common material for spectacle frames and so on.
